Revisions Made to IPUMS NHIS

New Data

• IHIS now offers most variables from the 2014 NHIS, including measures of health care access, health behaviors, disability and conditions, core demographics, injury and poisoning episodes, and socioeconomic indicators.

Modified Data

• IHIS changed the codes and updated the value labels for the variable LVISOTHTYPE to account for new response categories included in 2014. The underlying frequencies remain the same for all previously available years; however the numerical codes associated with response categories have changed slightly.

[July 2015]

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New Data

• IHIS now includes the updated mortality files, with data from 1986-2009. Variables from these files allow users to link 1986-2009 IHIS variables with death certificate information from the National Death Index through December 2011, enabling statistical analyses of the relationship between mortality and the rich array of socio-demographic characteristics, health factors, and health care access information available in the NHIS data.

• IHIS has created harmonized industry and occupation variables for 1969 to the present to allow for comparisons of consistent categories time. The original detailed industry and occupation codes are also now available in the same variables over time (IND and OCC), making it easier for users to include all relevant information in their extracts. For more information, please see the IHIS user note on how the industry and occupation variables were constructed.

• This release also integrates the injury and poisoning episode records for 1997-1999. These variables were originally released by the NHIS as two separate files, but IHIS has combined the two files into a single record type to improve ease of use and comparability. See our Injury and Poisoning Supplement User Note for more details on this harmonization or use the variable IRPOISYN to identify records that were originally on the poisoning file in 1997-1999.

• Additionally the release adds historical supplements on the topics of hearing, vision, asthma, unintentional injuries, as well as pregnancy and smoking.

New Resources

IHIS is also debuting its data brief series, a set of concise research reports that highlight unique aspects of the IHIS database and interesting research topics that can be investigated using the data. Brief 01: Multigenerational Families and Food Insecurity in the United States, 1998-2013.

Modified Data

• IHIS staff updated the codes for the variable RELATE in 1969-1996 to provide more detailed information available in the original data. RELATE reports the relationship of each person in the household to the household reference person, or householder. From 1969-1981 there are differentiated codes for a woman whose husband lives at home and is (presumably) defined as the householder but is not included in the survey because he serves in the Armed Forces (coded in the IHIS as RELATE = 22), and a woman whose husband lives at home and is (presumably) defined as the householder and is NOT in the armed forces and should be included in the survey (coded in the IHIS as RELATE = 21). For the 1982-1996 surveys this gendered language is dropped and the labels are updated to "other spouse IN Armed Forces and living at home" (RELATE = 22) or "other spouse NOT in Armed Forces and living at home" (RELATE = 21). These updated codes can be combined, where all responses that begin with a "2" can be compiled into a single, generic "spouse" category.

• The variable IRHOSP was eliminated after being merged with the variable IRMEDHOSP as they contained parallel information available in different years. The frequencies, codes, and meaning of the variable remain the same.
• The variable NHISIID was updated to be 19 columns wide. This was necessary so the unique identifier could include IRPOISYN in 1997-1999, which distinguishes injury episodes from poisoning episodes in the original NHIS files. IRPOISYN is also necessary to identify if the value in IRINJNUM is the nth injury record or the nth poisoning record of the person in the 1997-1999 samples.
• The variable POISCENHEAR was corrected by removing children under age 10 from the universe into a separate variable for children, POISCENHEARCH. Children under age 10 were previously included with sample adults, leading IHIS software to inappropriately assign the weight PERWEIGHT to sample adults. POISCENHEAR now has a correct weight of SAMPWEIGHT and POISCENHEARCH has a correct weight of PERWEIGHT.

[June 2015]

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New Data

• The IHIS now includes imputed income data for 1990-1996. While these differ in structure from the 1997-forward imputed income files, they can be used to fill in missing income data for all persons in the 1990-1996 samples. Over 2000 variables from the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) supplements for sample adults and sample children have been fully integrated into the IHIS data for the 2012 sample. A change in the structure of the CAM questionnaire makes it difficult to compare original NHIS CAM data from 2012 with previous samples; the newly released IHIS data include the original variables released by NHIS in 2012 as well as variables constructed through special programming that are comparable to CAM variables released by the NHIS in previous years to allow for easier analysis of these variables over time. The release also includes a series of variables rom the 2002 survey on barriers to community participation. Finally, historic child development and child medication variables from the 1981 child health supplement are now available through the IHIS.

• IHIS briefly offered updated NHIS-NDI linked mortality files for the years 1986-2009. These data were from the National Center for Health Statistics files released in February 2015. However, on April 28, 2015 NCHS re-released the files citing a problem with the public use files originally offered. The IHIS data originally released utilized the since removed NCHS public use files that contain errors; therefore, IHIS has restored its previous version of these variables, which provide mortality follow up data for 1986-2004. IHIS will prioritize processing and harmonizing the corrected mortality-linked files for 1986-2009 for inclusion with its next data release.

Corrected Data

• IHIS staff found and corrected a typographical error in the input data for the variable FAMDELAYCONO in 2009.

• The codes and labels for RELMOM were updated to reflect the inclusion of a new response category in 2013. Prior to 2013, biological and adoptive relationships to the mother were categorized separately. However, beginning in 2013 these were condensed into a single category. All codes with values of greater than 10, or anything other than "NIU" or "Biological", are off by one category (i.e., "adoptive" is mistakenly coded as "biological or adoptive", "step" is mistakenly coded as "adoptive", "foster" is mistakenly coded as "step", etc.) in any extracts made after June 28, 2014. The error has been corrected. Values for RELPOP and RELSIB were and remain correctly coded for this change.

• The frequencies for SINGLE were updated to more accurately reflect the universe of all persons in 1989. Cases previously classified as "NIU" have been recoded as missing values.

• The variable SDENTAL was incorrectly coding all persons to "NIU" in 1993-1996. This has been corrected and the variable now reflects the correct codesa nd frequencies for these years. No other years were affected.

• The language in the variable description for HICHANGEYR included misleading language. The description has been updated to reflect that a "yes" response indicates that a person retained the same type of insurance coverage for the past 12 months.

• The value labels for the 2007 complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) variables that report the most important condition a person treated using CAM therapies were updated. The labels and frequencies have not changed; but the numeric output codes have been updated for those therapies also available in 2012 to improve comparability over time. Affected variables are ACUTCONMOST, BIOTCONMOST, COMTCONMOST, DITTCONMOST, EHTTCONMOST, FOKTCONMOST, HER1TCONMOST, HER2TCONMOST, HOMTCONMOST, HYPTCONMOST, MASTCONMOST, MOVTCONMOST, NATTCONMOST, RELTCONMOST, and YTQTCONMOST.

• The following variable names were changed to allow for better harmonization with the 2012 CAM supplement:

  Previous Variable Name	Updated Variable Name
  ACUSWELL	ACUUSWELL
  ACUSENERGY	ACUUSENERGY
  ACUSIMMUN	ACUUSIMMUN
  ACUSMEDCOST	ACUUSMEDCOST
  ACUSCOMBO	ACUUSCOMBO
  ACUSMEDFAIL	ACUUSMEDFAIL
  ACUSRELREC	ACUUSRELREC
  ACUSHCREC	ACUUSHCREC
  HER1TNPMED	HER1NPMED
  HER1TPMED	HER1PMED
  HER1TPT	HER1PT
  HER1WELL	HER1USWELL
  HER1HCREC	HER1USHCREC
  HER1IMMUN	HER1USIMMUN
  HER1MEDCOST	HER1USMEDCOST
  HER1MEDFAIL	HER1USMEDFAIL
  HER1RELREC	HER1USRELREC
  HER1TCOUN	HER1COUN
  HER1TCOUNTIM	HER1COUNTIM
  HER1TNPMEDTI	HER1NPMEDTI
  HER1TPMEDTIM	HER1PMEDTIM
  HER1TPTTIM	HER1PTTIM
  HER2TCOUN	HER2COUN
  HER2TNPMED	HER2NPMED
  HER2TPMED	HER2PMED
  HER2TPT	HER2PT
  HER2TSURG	HER2SURG
  HER2HCREC	HER2USHCREC
  HER2IMMUN	HER2USIMMUN
  HER2MEDCOST	HER2USMEDCOST
  HER2MEDFAIL	HER2USMEDFAIL
  HER2RELREC	HER2USRELREC
  HER2WELL	HER2USWELL
  HER2TCOUNTIM	HER2COUNTIM
  HER2TNPMEDTI	HER2NPMEDTI
  HER2TPMEDTIM	HER2PMEDTIM
  HER2TPTTIM	HER2PTTIM
  HER2TSURGTIM	HER2SURGTIM

  [April 2015]

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New Data

• The 2013 supplements not included in the October 2014 IHIS data release have been integrated. These include 2013 variables on asthma, cancer screening, health care access and utilization, disability, epilepsy, food security, heart disease and stroke prevention, hepatitis, immunization, immunosuppression, internet access and email usage, mental health, mental health services, and tobacco. IHIS is also releasing a series of historic variables with information about HIV/AIDS testing; these include variables on reasons for being tested, reasons for not being tested, locations of testing, information about testing, and discussion of test results. Additionally, this release provides full documentation for an additional 1,250 variables on topics including exercise, weight control, chronic mental illness, colon cancer testing, insurance, public health service tests, quitting smoking, mammograms, Pap testing, hypertension, income, and HIV/AIDS information and testing. All integrated IHIS variables now have full documentation, including a description of the variable, an overview of the codes, universe information, and a discussion about comparability of the variable over time. Survey text is now available for integrated 2012 and 2013 IHIS variables. Additionally, the original NHIS person-level linking keys (HHX, FMX, and PX) for the 1997-forward samples and day of interview (INTERVWDAY) for the 1970-1996 samples are now available.

Corrected Data

To better serve users, IHIS upgraded the system that processes data made available on its website. As part of this process, IHIS did a thorough inventory of existing variables and programming, uncovering typographical errors as well as opportunities for improving comparability. Because of the more thorough review of our variables, there are more revisions than usual. These changes are documented below and arranged by variable topic.

• Health Insurance Variables
• Pre-1997 conditions variables from condition records
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine Variables
• Other Variables

Health Insurance Variables

• Certain summary and key health insurance variables were modified for cases of partially missing information. For variables that summarize information across multiple plans with partially missing information, IHIS now prioritizes the non-missing information when coding these cases. Where persons who reported not having a certain coverage feature for a plan, but also reported being uncertain about their coverage by that plan (or have missing data for coverage by the plan) were previously coded as unknown/missing, these persons are now coded as "no" responses, giving priority to their known "no" response to the specific plan feature over missing information on a less informative variable. For example, the variable HIPMDOPR reports if a person has any private insurance plan that pays any costs for a doctor not on the plan's preferred list. HIPMDOPR has been reconstructed so persons who definitively reported that their private insurance plan would pay for this but have missing data on if they are covered by this plan are now coded as responding "yes" instead of missing. Variables affected by this include HIPBUYOWNR, HIPDENTCOVR, HIPMDLISR, HIPMDOPR, HIPMDPICR, HIPTYPER, HINOUNEMPR, and HIPWORKR in all available samples. Additionally, HIPBUYWONR was updated to address "unknown" cases that were mistakenly being coded to "no".

• Where possible, more nuanced missing codes were made available for variables. Users may notice that where some health insurance variables previously had missing codes of 9 only, there are now codes specifying "unknown-refused" (7), "unknown-not ascertained" (8), or "unknown-don't know" (9).

• Additionally, typographical errors were corrected in the programming for the following variables, resulting in changes to the output codes: HIPDENTCOVR for 2004-2013; SINGLE in 1993-1996;

• The missing codes for the variable HIP4MDPIC in 1992-1996 were updated to create coding consistent with other variables. Only the codes were changed; the underlying frequencies and data remain the same.

• The previous programming for HINOTCOV in 1992 previously eliminated all legitimate observations; correct programming has been restored.

• The previous programming for HINOTCOV in years other than 1992 prioritized incomplete data cases over known cases; the new version of this variable gives precedence to persons who specifically report a known lack of coverage (output code of 2 or "yes, has NO coverage"), persons who have known coverage (output code of 1 or "no, has coverage"), followed by unknown/missing observations. Because this variable asserts that persons have NO coverage, cases with missing data are coded conservatively and continue to receive unknown codes.

• The previous programming for HINOTCOVE in 1997 incorrectly assigned all values to either 2 "Covered" or 8 "Unknown - not ascertained." The programming has been updated to produce the correct assignment of values.

• The variable HIPTYPER was updated to consistently prioritize having any HMO plan; the variable description reflects this change.

[March 2015]

Pre-1997 conditions variables from condition records

• The coding scheme for pre-1997 person-level conditions variables, created from condition-level records, was modified slightly. The previous scheme assigned information from only the first condition record with each condition code (e.g., ICD-9 code), regardless of how the condition record was generated. The modified coding scheme searches through all condition records for each person and prioritizes any information provided in direct response to a conditions survey question. This affects a very small number of cases, changing responses from "no reported conditions" (codes of 1 or 10) or "condition indicated somewhere other than a direct response to a conditions survey question" (codes 22, 212, 222, 232) to "Yes, indicated by a response to a direct conditions survey question."

• The variable FEMTROUBYRC was also modified to prioritize more specific sub-conditions included in this variable. The variable now prioritizes any infertility records in the coding scheme, followed by inflammatory disorder of the female pelvic organs, then other disorders of the female reproductive tract (previous coding scheme first categorized inflammatory disorders, then other disorders, then infertility). This affects only a marginal number of cases where persons reported multiple condition records related to problems with female reproductive organs.

• IHIS staff found an error in the linking keys for the 1983 and 1992 conditions records. In 1983, no persons were previously reporting "yes" responses to any conditions because of this error; the 1983 conditions frequencies have since been corrected and correctly report the conditions experienced by persons. In 1992, repairing these linking keys allowed for the inclusion of additional conditions records. No records were eliminated or changed from "yes" to "no" in this correction; only additional records have been included.

[March 2015]

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) variables

• IHIS staff found and corrected an error in the source data for the variable YTQEXNO. Frequencies have been corrected.

• The variable VITPAIDL, created using special programming, was modified to better specify a single marginal case where, in the original NHIS data, the person reported an unknown value for frequency and amount spent purchasing vitamins, but was classified as "not in universe" in the corresponding frequency time unit NHIS variable.

• The variable MASPAIDT was updated to better specify marginal cases where persons report missing information about insurance coverage for any or all of the part of their massage treatment costs, but provide a legitimate response to the variable asking for the out-of-pocket amount spent. These cases were previously classified as "not in universe", but have been modified to report the total amount the person reported spending out of pocket on massage therapy.

• Sample children were inadvertently excluded from the variables EHTEV, FOKTCANC, DITPRITEV, MOVFELD, and MOVPILAT in 2012. The sample adult frequencies remain the same; sample children are now included.

[March 2015]

Other variables

• IHIS staff found an error in the codes for the variable TPASTEWHITE. The categorical labels for these codes have been updated; previous labels erroneously referred to meeting ADA and FDA standards, but the underlying data only refer to marketing strategies of toothpastes.

• The IHIS variable STRATA previously classified a limited number of "not in universe" observations inconsistently in 1969-1984. These cases have been correctly given values of 0 to indicate their "not in universe" status; these STRATA cases were previously recoded to 1000 in 1969-1972 and 2000 in 1973-1984.

• Because of different rounding conventions in programming languages, a limited number of cases for the variable HHWEIGHT in the 1974-1996 samples and BMICALC in all samples were previously rounded down in instances where the computation of HHWEIGHT ended in exactly .50; while a byproduct of how different programming languages round, it is mathematically incorrect. The new data conversion program correctly rounds these cases up.

• A typographical error in the input data for the variable IMPFAMTCFLAG was corrected in 2009 and 2010.

• A typographical error in the classification of not in universe codes was fixed for the variable DIFSCORE in 2001, 2003, and 2004. Values previously coded as 97 are now correctly displayed under the expected NIU code 96.

• A typographical error in the programming for the variable SMOKEALARM was corrected in 1994; "no" and "yes" responses were inadvertently shifted up one response category, where "no" responses were mistakenly listed as "yes", and "yes" responses were mistakenly listed as "unknown-refused". Frequencies and codes have been corrected; this only affects 1994.

• Nineteen "not in universe" cases for the variable OPOUTPAT2 in 1981 were mistakenly being classified as 96 rather than 0. While 96 sometimes represents a "not in universe" code in other IHIS variables, for OPOUTPAT2 the "not in universe" code is 0 and 96 represents "replacement and removal of therapeutic devices."

• A typographical error in the source data for the variables IRECODE1, IRECODE2, and IRECODE3 were found and fixed in the 2013 sample. These variables are now corrected; these typographical errors affected only the injury-level variables; the person-level injury variables are NOT affected by this change.

• The injury-level variable IRDAYSLB in the 2013 sample was incorrectly specifying all values as 0 because of a typographical error in the special programming; this has been corrected and lower bound values for number of days since the injury/poisoning episode are now being correctly reported.

• A scientific notation character from the original data in the variable IRDAYSUB for the 2013 sample was handled incorrectly in previous special programming. Three cases where output codes previously read 1003 or 2003 have been corrected to 1000 and 2000, respectively.

• An error causing incorrect value labels for two variables that report the year of an event were updated. In the 2010 sample, the variables HYSTDYR (year of hysterectomy) and SKNXMDYR (year of most recent skin cancer exam) incorrectly labeled the repsonse categories "2007", "2008", "2009", and "2010" as "not in universe". The labels for these values now report the correct year.

• The codes for the variable PAPLTOLDYN were incomplete in the 2010 sample. "Only told if there was a problem" (3) was added in; these values had previously been assigned to "Unknown-refused" (7). Missing codes were correspondingly misassigned as well; all missing codes have since been updated to correctly reflect the reason for the missing data (i.e., "refused", "not ascertained", "don't know").

• A number of variables contained incomplete information for the translation of original data codes; a systematic review was conducted and all instances have been corrected. The following variables are affected by the correction:

  Variable	Samples Affected	Number of Cases	Previous Code	New Code
  ALCDAYS2WK	1988	39	0	28
  BSNUM	1987	8	0	28
  CNCERVAG	2010	1	0	99
  COKUSWAL	1991	98858	0	6
  CSOFFGR	1991	307	No code	99
  CXRAYREX	1974	90725	0	50 (3 cases), 96
  EHDOTHER	1987	2621	0	9

  [March 2015]

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New Data

• This release includes access to the new IHIS hierarchical extract system, which allows users to select episode-level data for injuries and poisonings as well as person- and household-level data. For more information on these episode-level data, please see the Injury and Poisoning Supplement User Note.

• IHIS released 2013 imputed income variables. New 2013 variables and variables from reoccurring supplements not available in 2012 will be released sometime in fall 2014.

Expanded documentation.

• IHIS added full documentation for more than 1250 variables currently available on the IHIS website on topics including: child health conditions, digestive conditions treatment, foot problems, housing modifications, insurance, limitation, women's health, and work exposure.

Corrected Data

• In response to a user query, IHIS has corrected an error in the response categories for RELMOM. When updating response categories to reflect the concatenation of multiple response categories in 2013, response categories for previous samples were not all updated accordingly. This will affect frequencies for 1998-2012 for the categories of stepmother, foster mother, mother-in-law, unknown-refused, and unknown-not ascertained. This error only affects data extracts made between July 31, 2014 and September 17, 2014. All extracts prior to July 31, 2014 and frequencies for the "biological" and "adoptive" response categories in 1998-2012 are not affected by this correction.

• IHIS staff found and corrected a typographical error in the data source for the HI2TYPR1 and HI2TYPR2 in the 1993-1955 samples.

New Data

• IHIS released 2013 variables that were also included in the 2012 sample and a newly available variable on sexual orientation (SEXORIEN). New 2013 variables and variables from reoccurring supplements not available in 2012 will be released sometime in fall 2014.

Expanded documentation.

• IHIS added full documentation for more than 950 variables currently available on the IHIS website on topics including: 2012 Voice, Speech, Language, and Swallowing supplement, street drugs, medical care, select insurance variables, emotional help, child medication, cancer knowledge, and general health.

Removed and modified existing variables.

• A set of variables introduced in 2011 that capture reasons for most recent ER visit, ERLAMBUL, ERLCLOSEST, ERLDRCLOSED, ERLDRSENT, ERLHOSPHELP, ERLNOTHER, ERLSERIOUS, and ERLUSUALPL, were combined with information contained in alternate versions of these variables covering quarter 2 of 2012 through 2013 (ERLAMBULR, ERLCLOSESTR, ERLDRCLOSEDR, ERLDRSENTR, ERLHOSPHELPR, ERLNOTHERR, ERLSERIOUSR, and ERLUSUALPLR). The alternate versions were removed from the IHIS database.

• To accommodate new response categories for family relationship variables RELMOM, RELPOP, and RELSIB, IHIS updated the value labels for these variables. These changes do not affect frequencies.

Corrected Data

• In response to a user query, IHIS staff corrected a typographical error in the data source for the variable SAWMENT in the 2012 sample.

• A typographical error in the data source for the variable HINOFAMR was corrected in the 2012 sample.

• The not in universe category for variable MOMPNUM was corrected. The variable reports the person number of the mother in the household. The previous universe statement read "all persons" and categorized "no mother in the household" as a separate response category. The universe now correctly reads "persons whose mother is present in the household". This affects value labels, but not frequencies for the 1998-2012 samples.

• The IHIS online system incorrectly associated SUPP1WT with variables from the family disability supplement in the 2012 sample, when they should have been associated with SUPP2WT. Variables from the family disability supplement are now correctly associated with SUPP2WT and variables from the functioning and disability supplement are now correctly associated with SUPP1WT.

• NHISHID and NHISPID for the 1963-1967 samples were missing the value of year in the first four columns. The latest release corrects this error, so that the values of NHISHID and NHISPID for pre-1968 samples are consistent with 1968-forward samples.

• The universe and codes for DISTESTFLG were updated for 2011-2012. The previous universe was persons in households that received the family style disability questions, coding persons who received the person-style Adult Disability or Child Disability questions as NIU. Although this was not incorrect, the DISTESTFLG universe has been updated to include all persons and includes flags for both persons in families randomly selected to receive the Family Disability (as well as Adult Functioning and Disability) Questions and persons randomly selected to receive the Adult Disability and Child Disability questions.

[July 2014]

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Added data.

• The 1997-1999 NHIS included person-level injury and poisoning records, where injury and poisoning episodes were attached to the person level file. IHIS has created person-level variables comparable to those available in 1997-1999 based on the episode level injury and poisoning data for 2000-2012. These variables are now available through the IHIS data extract system.

Added variables.

• Full documentation is available for over 1,000 additional variables. Topics covered by these fully documented variables include: breast exams, child schooling, cancer knowledge, diabetes, firearms, food knowledge, health information sources, radon, and vaccinations.

Revised Variables.

• The variables HOMELESSEV1 and HOMELESSEV2 were combined into a single variable HOMELESSEV. Although the survey question is the same across 2000-2010, the universe for 2000-2001 is substantially different from the universe for 2002-2010. Data users should review the Comparability tab for HOMELESSEV for full details.

• The variable BREXLIFE was eliminated. The data available from BREXLIFE can be found in a more accessible format in BREXSELFTP, which reports the time period associated with the frequency that the respondent performs self-breast exams, and BREXSELFNO, which reports the number of times the respondent performs self-breast exams per time period.

• The variable HAVEROUTPL was eliminated. The data available from HAVEROUTPL can be found in the harmonized variable USUALPL, which reports if the person has a usual or routine place for medical care.

• The following variables were eliminated from the Cancer Family History variables group: BFCXCAN, FBCXCAN, BSCXCAN, BSOVCAN, FBOVCAN, BFOVCAN, BSUTCAN, FBUTCAN, BFUTCAN, BMPSCAN, BDPSCAN, FSPSCAN, BMTTCAN, BDTTCAN, and FSTTCAN. These variables were included as part of the exhaustive list of cancer variables that report if family members had certain types of cancer; however, the eliminated variables represented unrealistic combinations of sex and cancer type. For example BFCXCAN reported if the person's biological father had uterus cancer. Variables deleted were related to cervix, ovary, prostate, testis, and uterus cancer. No variables related to breast cancer were eliminated. There were no recorded "yes" or "mentioned" observations for any of these eliminated variables.

[June 2014]

• IHIS has revised the extensive list of food frequency variables to improve comparability across years; to avoid confusion between the newly integrated variables and those that were only available for one or two samples, many variables have been eliminated. Please use the table below to determine which variables have been eliminated and what replacement variable contains the same information in a more comparable format.

Corrected Data

• A typographical error in the data source for the variable VITBUY was corrected; this will affect VITBUY frequencies for 2012.

• In response to a user query, IHIS staff corrected a recoding error and changed the response categories for DIFTNONEED.

[June 2014]

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