Codes and Frequencies
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Description
HEIGHT reports the approximate height of sample adults and sample children ages 10-17, in inches. Prior to 2020, HEIGHT was only asked of adults. The values for this variable are based on self-reports or proxy reports/estimates by respondents for other household members, supplied in response to the question, "About how tall is [person] without shoes?" Such data are less accurate than, and thus not fully comparable to, data on height gleaned via direct measurement in other surveys, such as NHANES (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey fielded by the National Center for Health Statistics). In 1974 only, the question does not specify "without shoes."
According to the 2020 Survey Description, for some variables, including HEIGHT, the 2020 responses of sample adults that were part of the 2020 longitudinal sample were overwritten with their 2019 responses "to mitigate disclosure risks associated with differences in response from repeated measures among the same Sample Adults" (33). The sample adults' actual 2020 responses can be accessed through a Research Data Center (RDC). For more information on the 2020 longitudinal sample, please see SALNGPRTFLG.
Comparability
Along with changes in the variable universe and major questionnaire changes introduced in 2019, changes in top- and bottom-codes limit the comparability of this variable over time.
[show more]For 1976-1981, the recognized range was 36 inches to 84 inches; for 1982-1995, 36 inches to 98 inches; for 1996, 58 to 77 inches. In 1997-2018, the recognized range for height differed between men and women. For men, it ranged from 63 to 76 inches; for women, 59 to 70 inches. In 2019 forward, the recognized range for men ranged from 62 to 76 inches; for women, 58-70 inches. Beginning in 2020, height is reported for sample children ages 10-17, with a recognized range of 48 to 76 inches for boys and 41 to 70 inches for girls.
The question for HEIGHT in 1977 was asked for a sub-sample of randomly selected persons age 20 and over; NHIS automatically classifies persons who were selected but did not complete the questions as responding "unknown-all causes" for this variable. Users may choose to use this variable in combination with SUBSRESP77, which reports the person's sub-sample status in 1977.
For years prior to 1997, persons who were taller than the top-coded value or shorter than the bottom-coded value were included in the highest and lowest categories, respectively. Thus, for example, in 1996, category 77 includes people who were 77 or more inches tall. By contrast, for 1997 forward, persons who were especially tall or short were grouped together in a separate "Exceptionally tall or short" category (code 96). As the Survey Description Document for 1997 explained, "Beginning in 1997, when a very large or very small value was reported for either height or weight, the data in both variables were changed to '96' or '996' ('Not available') on the public use data files. This was done to protect the confidentiality of NHIS respondents who might be identifiable by their unusual physical characteristics."
Beginning in 2019, respondents whose sex was unknown also had their height values coded as 96. The 2019 Codebook for Sample Adult File states that this change was made, "due to the sex-specific height and weight limits for public data release."
Because of changes in the recognized ranges and in the treatment of outlying values, analysts should exercise caution in comparing results across periods.
[show more]For example, average height calculated using 1981 data would necessarily be shorter than average height calculated using 1982 data, because the topcodes for the two years differ (84 inches versus 98 inches). For comparisons across periods, the best approach would be to limit the sample to persons whose height falls within the shortest recognized range for the period under study and exclude persons assigned the top or bottom codes.
To achieve comparability across all years, researchers should restrict their analysis to persons whose height fell within the identified range for 1997 forward, namely, from 59 to 76 inches.
Questionnaire design changes introduced in 2019 limit comparability with earlier years. The NHIS questionnaire was substantially redesigned in 2019 to introduce a different data collection structure and new content. For more information on changes in terminology, universes, and data collection methods beginning in 2019, please see the user note.
Universe
- 1974: Sample persons age 17+.
- 1976: Persons age 18+.
- 1977: Sub-sampled persons age 20+.
- 1978-1981: Persons age 17+.
- 1982-1996: Persons age 18+.
- 1997-2018: Sample adults age 18+.
- 2019: Sample adults age 18+.
- 2020 2022: Sample children ages 10-17 and sample adults age 18+.
- 2021; 2023: Sample adults age 18+.
Availability
- 1974, 1976-2023
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Weights
- 1976, 1978-1996 : PERWEIGHT
- 1974, 1997-2023 : SAMPWEIGHT
- 1977 : SUB77WT